Kazan Cathedral, Moscow 喀山大教堂,莫斯科

Kazan Cathedral Russian: Казанский собор, formally known as the “Cathedral of Our Lady of Kazan”, is a Russian Orthodox church located on the northeast corner of Red Square in Moscow, Russia. The current building is a reconstruction of the original church, which was destroyed at the direction of then General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, Joseph Stalin, in 1936.

俄羅斯喀山大教堂:Казанскийсобор,正式名稱為“喀山聖母大教堂”,是俄羅斯東正教教堂,位於俄羅斯莫斯科紅場的東北角。 目前的建築是原始教堂的重建,原始教會於1936年在當時的蘇聯中央總書記約瑟夫斯大林的指導下被摧毀。

Location:Moscow
Country:Russia
Denomination:Russian Orthodox
History
Consecrated :
1625, destroyed 1936;
reconsecrated 1993
Architecture
Style:Russian

地點:莫斯科
國家:俄羅斯
宗派:俄羅斯東正教
歷史
奉獻:
1625年,1936年被毀;
重新審視1993年
建築
風格:俄羅斯





The original cathedral
Upon recovering Moscow from the armies of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1612 at the close of the Time of Troubles, Prince Dmitry Pozharsky attributed his success to the divine help of the icon Theotokos of Kazan, to whom he had prayed on several occasions. From his private funds, he financed construction of a wooden church to the Virgin of Kazan on Red Square in Moscow, which was first mentioned in historical records in 1625. After the diminutive shrine was destroyed by a fire in 1632, Tsar Michael I, ordered it replaced with a brick church. The one-domed edifice, featuring several tiers of kokoshniki, a wide gallery, and a tented belfry, was consecrated in October 1636.

原來的大教堂
1612年,在麻煩時期結束時,波蘭 – 立陶宛聯邦的軍隊從莫斯科軍隊恢復莫斯科時,王子德米特里·波扎爾斯基將他的成功歸功於喀山圖標Theotokos的神聖幫助,他多次向他祈禱過。從他的私人資金中,他資助建造了一座木製教堂,建在莫斯科紅場的喀山聖母院,這是1625年的歷史記錄中首次提到的。1632年,小型神社被火燒毀後,沙皇邁克爾一世,下令它取而代之的是磚砌教堂。 1636年10月,這座獨立的大廈以幾層kokoshniki,寬闊的畫廊和帳篷鐘樓為特色。

Kazan Cathedral was considered one of the most important churches in Moscow. Annually on the anniversary of the liberation of Moscow from Poland-Lithuania, a solemn parade led by the Patriarch and the Tsar carried a processional cross from the Kremlin. By the end of the 17th century, the church building was expanded and received a bell tower and a redesigned entrance. Numerous other renovations of the cathedral were undertaken during the imperial period, notably during 1801, 1805, and 1865, and much of the original design was lost behind later additions.

The history of the cathedral was tempestuous, as evidenced by the fact that its archpriest Avvakum led the party of religious dissenters, or Old Believers.

喀山大教堂被認為是莫斯科最重要的教堂之一。每年在莫斯科從波蘭 – 立陶宛解放的周年紀念日,由族長和沙皇領導的莊嚴遊行帶著克里姆林宮的遊行十字架。到17世紀末,教堂建築擴建,並收到了一座鐘樓和一座重新設計的入口。在帝國時期,特別是在1801年,1805年和1865年期間,對大教堂進行了許多其他裝修,並且大部分原始設計在後來的添加中丟失了。

大教堂的歷史是暴躁的,其大主教Avvakum領導了宗教異議者或老信徒的黨派。

The distinguished Russian restorer Peter Baranovsky supervised a complete reconstruction of the church’s exterior to its original design in 1929–1932. Some specialists, however, criticised the accuracy of this reconstruction.

In 1936, when Red Square was being prepared for holding the military parades of the Soviet Union, Joseph Stalin ordered the square cleared of churches. Although efforts were made by Baranovsky to save it, he could not prevent the Kazan Cathedral from being demolished (though Baranovsky did manage to save another of Red Square’s cathedrals, Saint Basil’s Cathedral, from destruction). In its place, initially a temporary building housing offices for the Communist International was erected. It was later used as a summer café.

著名的俄羅斯修復者彼得·巴拉諾夫斯基(Peter Baranovsky)在1929年至1932年間監督了教堂外觀與其原始設計的完全重建。然而,一些專家批評了這種重建的準確性。

1936年,當紅場準備舉行蘇聯的軍事遊行時,約瑟夫斯大林命令廣場清除教堂。儘管巴拉諾夫斯基努力拯救它,但他無法阻止喀山大教堂被拆除(儘管巴拉諾夫斯基確實設法拯救了另一個紅場大教堂,聖巴西爾大教堂,免遭破壞)。取而代之的是,最初為共產國際建立了一個臨時建築物辦公室。它後來被用作夏季咖啡館。

FROM:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazan_Cathedral,_Moscow

FROM:MOSCOW – Kazan Cathedral

FROM:Inside Saint Basil’s Cathedral, Moscow, Russia

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