Parc de la Villette 維萊特公園
Parc de la Villette, located in the 19th district of Paris (district of Pont-de-Flandre), is one of the largest parks of the capital, established on the site of the slaughterhouses of La Villette, which were built in 1867 by decision of Napoleon III and the prefect Haussmann, and destroyed in 1974. It extends on 55 hectares of which 33 of green spaces, which makes it the biggest green space of the capital in front of the Tuileries garden (25,5 ha), the Buttes-Chaumont park (25 ha) and the Luxembourg garden (23 ha).
Parc de la Villette位於巴黎第19區（Pont-de-Flandre區），是首都最大的公園之一，建於1867年的La Villette屠宰場。 根據拿破崙三世和省長奧斯曼的決定，於1974年被摧毀。它佔地55公頃，其中33個綠地，使其成為杜樂麗花園前首都最大的綠地（25,5） ha），Buttes-Chaumont公園（25公頃）和盧森堡花園（23公頃）。
Geography
Country: Flag of France France
City: Paris
District: 19th
Area: Pont de Flandre
Area: 55 ha
History
Creation: 1987
Access and transportation
Underground: (M) (5) Porte de Pantin
(M) (7) Porte de la Villette
Tram: (T) (3b) Pantin Gate, Ella Fitzgerald-Grands Moulins de Pantin, Porte de la Villette
Location
Coordinates: 48 ° 53 ’35 “North, 2 ° 23′ 27” East
地理
國家：法國國旗法國
城市：巴黎
地區：19
面積：蓬德弗朗德勒
面積：55公頃
歷史
創建：1987
進出和運輸
地下：（M）（5）Porte de Pantin
（M）（7）Porte de la Villette
電車：（T）（3b）Pantin Gate，Ella Fitzgerald-Grands Moulins de Pantin，Porte de la Villette
位置
坐標：北緯48°53’35“，東經2°23’27”
Location
From the Porte de la Villette in the north to the Porte de Pantin in the south, the Ourcq canal runs through it in the middle. Two pedestrian bridges span the canal and connect the north and south. Since 2008, a mobile floating bridge is installed in summer, halfway between these two bridges, and facilitates the passage of walkers, cyclists and people with reduced mobility.
位置
從北部的Porte de la Villette到南部的Porte de Pantin，Ourcq運河貫穿其中間。 兩條人行天橋橫跨運河，連接南北。 自2008年以來，夏季安裝了一座移動式浮橋，位於這兩座橋之間，便於步行者，騎車人和行動不便的人通行。
Project
The architectural realization of the park was entrusted in 1983 to Bernard Tschumi, French architect of Swiss origin, following the international competition for the architectural design of the park launched in 1982. The essential particularity of the park is not to break the perspective of the north to south. A kinematic walk brings up themed gardens that are all play areas, theaters where nature is staged. A rectilinear gallery covered with a wave-shaped roof makes the connection between north and south. The park is strongly punctuated by a systematic plot of red buildings called “follies”.
項目
該公園的建築實現於1983年委託瑞士血統的法國建築師Bernard Tschumi參加1982年公園建築設計的國際競賽。公園的本質特徵不是打破公園的視角。 從北到南。 運動步行帶來主題花園，這些花園都是遊樂區，大自然上演的劇院。 一個覆蓋著波浪形屋頂的直線廊道使得南北之間的連接成為可能。 公園被一系列被稱為“愚蠢”的紅色建築物強烈打斷。
Programming
Located in the nineteenth arrondissement of Paris, the park is near the department of Seine-Saint-Denis with neighboring municipalities, Pantin and Aubervilliers. La Villette is one of the first cultural establishments to offer a multidisciplinary program. Indeed, for more than twenty years, La Villette offers throughout the year many opportunities for entertainment: concerts (jazz, world music, electronic, classical, contemporary, pop and rock), contemporary circus, exhibitions, theater , dance, outdoor cinema …
The Villette Sonique Music Festival has been held at Parc de la Villette and the Grande Halle since June 2006. Jazz à la Villette is a music festival co-produced by La Villette and the Philharmonie de Paris since 2002. Cinema en Plein Air is a a film festival which, since 1990, has been screening films on summer nights on an outdoor screen on the Triangle meadow between the Zénith de Paris and the Grande Halle. The SMMMILE-Vegan Pop Festival is an event around music and vegan culture. The first edition took place from September 16 to 18, 2016 and brings together 10,000 people in the park.
Parc de la Villette covers 55 hectares, including:
16 hectares of green areas on 35 undeveloped hectares;
8 hectares of lawns accessible to the public;
3 hectares of gardens.
程序設計
該公園位於巴黎第十九區，靠近Seine-Saint-Denis省與鄰近的城市Pantin和Aubervilliers。 La Villette是首批提供多學科課程的文化機構之一。事實上，二十多年來，La Villette全年提供許多娛樂機會：音樂會（爵士樂，世界音樂，電子，古典，現代，流行和搖滾），當代馬戲團，展覽，戲劇，舞蹈，戶外電影……
自2006年6月爵士樂維萊特的維萊特索尼克音樂節在Parc de la Villette公園和大哈雷舉行的是聯合製作音樂節的維萊特和巴黎管弦樂團自2002年以來露天電影院是這是一個電影節，自1990年以來，一直在ZénithdeParis和Grande Halle之間的Triangle草地上的戶外屏幕上放映電影。 SMMMILE-Vegan流行音樂節是圍繞音樂和純素文化的活動。第一版於2016年9月16日至18日舉行，共有10,000人參加。
Parc de la Villette佔地55公頃，包括：
35公頃未開發的公頃綠地面積16公頃;
公眾可以進入8公頃的草坪;
3公頃的花園。
La Villette is originally the name of a town in the department of Seine, annexed to Paris in 1859.
On October 25, 1973, the Messmer government announced the end of the industrial and commercial activities of La Villette and its slaughterhouses, specifying only the imminence of a “large-scale urban planning operation”; it is not yet a question of park, rather of housing, of social and collective facilities. The slaughterhouses and cattle market were put out of service on March 15, 1974. During the transitional period following this closure, the Société d’économie mixte for the development and management of the national interest market of Paris la Villette (SEMVI ) wants to show that the halls can be reused. It gradually opens the public space and organizes many concerts in the former Sheep Hall. La Villette hosts David Bowie, the Rolling Stones and Miles Davis.
In 1975, Jean Sérignan, director of SEMVI, drafted a development proposal for the La Villette sector, in which he suggested that the slaughterhouse site be converted into an urban park. This idea came to him after having observed, during the year of experimentation, the city-dwellers seizing and transforming this industrial wasteland into a place for a walk. He plans to give a cultural dimension to this park by observing the spontaneous practices that develop there. Photo exhibitions are held in building barracks and a skate park is built by an industrialist during construction tests using lightweight concrete walls.
The State launched in 1976 a competition of ideas organized by the APUR (Parisian Urban Planning Workshop) concerning the redevelopment of the Villette unsuccessful lack of credits.
On July 13, 1979, a decree created the public park of La Villette (EPPV), headed by the former prefect of the Paris region Paul Delouvrier.
The project of creation of a museum and a park is then adopted under the presidency of Valéry Giscard d’Estaing, then continued after the presidential election of 1981 carrying the left, and François Mitterrand, in power. A City of Music is added to the project of a Museum of Science and Technology. According to historian Danièle Voldman: “The socialist brand is expressed in the clear desire to rebalance Paris to the east with high-level cultural facilities; in this sense, La Villette can not be understood without the Opéra de la Bastille. ”
La Villette最初是塞納省的一個小鎮的名字，於1859年併入巴黎。
1973年10月25日斯默政府宣布維萊特和屠宰場，僅表示“大規模的城市規劃運作”的迫切性的經營活動的結束;它還不是公園，而是住房，社會和集體設施的問題。屠宰場和牲畜市場被關閉，混合經濟企業發展和管理的國家利益市場巴黎La Villette酒店的（SEMVI以下退役3月15日1974年在過渡期內）想表明大廳可以重複使用。它逐漸打開公共空間，並在前羊館組織了許多音樂會。 La Villette主持David Bowie，滾石樂隊和Miles Davis。
1975年，吉恩的Sérignan，SEMVI主任，起草了拉維萊特區域，其中他建議屠宰場網站將被轉換成一個城市公園發展的建議。在實驗的一年中，城市居民抓住並將這個工業廢棄地轉變為散步的地方後，他想到了這個想法。他計劃通過觀察那裡發生的自發行為，為這個公園賦予文化內涵。攝影展在建築營房舉行，滑板公園由工業家在建築測試期間使用輕質混凝土牆建造。
在1976年，政府推出了針對未完成的維萊特經費不足的重建用的興奮劑（巴黎城市規劃研討會）組織的一個想法競爭。
1979年7月13日，一項法令創建了La Villette公共公園（EPPV），該公園由巴黎地區的前任保羅德魯維爾領導。
該項目創建的博物館，然後在公園德斯坦的主持下通過，那麼1981年左右的總統選舉結束後繼續進行，密特朗執政。音樂之城被添加到科學與技術博物館的項目中。根據歷史學家DanièleVoldman的說法：“社會主義品牌體現在通過高級文化設施重新平衡巴黎東部的明確願望;從這個意義上說，沒有巴士底歌劇院，就無法理解La Villette。 “
The competition was officially launched on April 8, 1982 at the initiative of Jack Lang, then Minister of Culture. Elected officials want “neither a square, nor a wood at the gates of the city, nor social housing or prestige in the middle of lawns and groves. The idea of the zoning of the fifties and sixties is over. The Parc de la Villette is distinguished by its absence of enclosures, being open day and night. The presentation brochure begins with a quote from Hegel, “Nature being transformed into a vast home under the open sky …”, which makes D. Nordmann say that “the future park is less conceived as a piece of equipment. only as a theoretical and conceptual reflection on the place of nature in a city of the post-industrial age “. The brochure also quotes the motto Rabelais and the abbey Thélème, “Fay whatever will.”
The jury brings together architects Vittorio Gregotti and Renzo Piano, landscape painters Pierre Dauvergne and Paul Friedberg, politicians (François Barré EPPV and Simone Robert, general councilor of Seine-Saint-Denis) and historians (Françoise Choay) and theoreticians (Joseph Rykwert), a sculptor, sociologists, a painter, and biologist Henri Laborit. Unable to nominate a single laureate, the jury invites nine finalists to participate in a second phase of the contest to decide between them. Bernard Tschumi, until then known more as a theoretician than as a builder, was finally appointed general contractor for the project on March 25, 1983. Note that Bernard Tschumi is not the only one to have included in his project the concept of follies .
In 1993, the Public Establishment of the Park and the Great Hall of Villette (EPPGHV) was born from the merger of the EPPV, the SEMVI and the Association of the Grande Halle. By its statutes, it is at the same time in charge of the landscaping and landscaping of the park and the cultural programming of the Grande Halle, the space Chapiteaux, Pavilion Paul-Delouvrier, WIP Villette and spaces outdoors. In parallel, other cultural institutions coexist on the park: the City of Music, the National Conservatory of Music and Dance of Paris, the City of Science and Industry and the Paris-Villette Theater etc. (see list below).
該競賽於1982年4月8日由當時的文化部長Jack Lang倡議正式啟動。民選官員要“既不是方形也不草坪和樹林之間的城市或公共住房或聲望郊區的木材。五十年代和六十年代的分區的想法已經結束。 Parc de la Villette以其沒有圍欄，日夜開放而著稱。演講手冊以黑格爾的一句話開頭，“自然被改造成一片空曠的大房子……”，這使得D. Nordmann說“未來的公園不像是一件裝備。僅作為後工業時代城市自然地的理論和概念反映“。這本小冊子還引用了座右銘Rabelais和修道院Thélème，“Fay無論如何”。
陪審團集建築師維托里奧·格雷戈蒂和皮亞諾，庭園彼得·多弗涅和保羅·弗里德伯格，政策（EPPV的弗朗索瓦·巴雷和西蒙娜·羅伯特，在塞納 – 聖但尼省的總法律顧問）和歷史學家（弗朗索瓦茲·喬）和理論家（Joseph Rykwert），雕塑家，社會學家，畫家和生物學家Henri Laborit。由於無法提名一位獲獎者，評委會邀請九名決賽選手參加比賽的第二階段，以便在他們之間做出決定。伯納德·屈米，以前稱為更像是一個理論家不是作為一個構造函數，最後任命為項目總承包商於3月25日，1983年需要注意的是伯納德·屈米在它的概念草案揮霍不包括唯一的一個。
1993年，公園的公共設施和維萊特（EPPGHV）人民大會堂從EPPV的SEMVI和大哈雷協會的合併誕生了。對於其章程，它是既為園區建設和景觀區的管理和首都人民大會堂空間標誌保羅·德盧萬里爾WIP維萊特和空間的文化活動負責戶外。與此同時，其他文化機構也在公園內共存：音樂之城，巴黎國家音樂與舞蹈學院，科學與工業之城以及巴黎維萊特劇院等。 （見下面的列表）。
Architecture and urbanism 建築與城市化
Bernard Tschumi’s design principles
The architect Bernard Tschumi designed the Parc de la Villette from a system of points, lines and surfaces.
Lines: the gallery of Ourcq and the gallery of Villette. Two major roads cross the park: the north-south, the gallery of La Villette, characterized by its blanket shaped wave. The other east-west, the Ourcq Gallery, which borders the canal of the same name. A bike path along the canal makes it possible to go to La Villette from Stalingrad Square. The cinematic walk, a winding 3 km path, is lined with play areas, landscaped gardens and intimate spaces with aquatic atmospheres embellished with works of art, such as the bamboo garden designed by Alexandre Chemetoff, which hosts the Bernhard Leitner’s Sound Cylinder and Diagonale for Daniel Buren’s Bamboos.
Surfaces: meadows and spaces. The eight-hectare lawn of the park is divided into demarcated surfaces, one of which is circular – the prairie of the circle, cut diametrically through the canal – and another triangular, the meadow of the triangle that borders the Great Hall.
Finally, the space Chapiteaux is reserved for the reception of the circus shows and the ephemeral Magic Mirror become the Wild Cabaret.
Points: the follies. In the eighteenth century, we called “folly” the small pavilions arranged in the French gardens which served as places of pleasure. This is the name Bernard Tschumi gave to the 26 red buildings of various shapes, but all built on the basis of a cube of 10.80 meters side, which crisscross the park at a spacing of 120 meters. Many of these buildings perform a variety of functions related to their location on the park.
Bernard Tschumi的設計原則
建築師Bernard Tschumi通過點，線和曲面系統設計了Parc de la Villette。
線條：Ourcq畫廊和Villette畫廊。兩條主要道路穿過公園：南北，La Villette畫廊，以毯狀波浪為特徵。另一個東西方，Ourcq畫廊，與同名的運河接壤。沿著運河的自行車道可以從斯大林格勒廣場前往La Villette。電影院步道3公里，蜿蜒曲折的遊樂區，園景花園和溫馨的空間，水上氣氛裝飾著藝術品，如Alexandre Chemetoff設計的竹園。 Bernhard Leitner為Daniel Buren的Bamboos設計的Sound Cylinder和Diagonale。
表面：草地和空間。公園的八公頃草坪被分成限定的區域，其中之一是圓形的 – 圓的草地，通過該信道切直徑 – 和另一個三角形，草原三角形接壤的大廳。
最後，Chapiteaux空間被保留用於接收馬戲表演，而短暫的魔鏡成為野生歌舞表演。
要點：愚蠢。在十八世紀，我們稱“法國花園裡的小亭子”為“愚蠢”，作為娛樂場所。這是Bernard Tschumi給26個不同形狀的紅色建築物的名稱，但都是建立在10.80米的立方體的基礎上，它以120米的間距縱橫交錯。這些建築物中的許多建築物執行與其在公園中的位置相關的各種功能。
The passenger gardens
Created in 2001, the passenger gardens were inspired by the exhibition “The Planetary Garden”, presented in 1999 in the Great Hall by landscape gardener Gilles Clément. On the site of the former Sheep Hall, this 3,000-square-meter ecological island is home to a variety of ecosystems: grove, wasteland, pond and dry stone wall. Ecological gardens with teaching and solidarity, the passenger gardens serve as support for educational workshops to raise awareness of biodiversity.
It is a space of culture and pedagogy around the themes of ecology. In 2010, the passenger gardens were awarded the EVE® ecological green spaces label, certified by Ecocert and maintained since. The passenger gardens were enlarged in 2011 and made accessible in 2012. They want to illustrate an integrated approach to accessibility in a public garden that is reflected in particular by the realization of suitable garden furniture and natural flooring choices. . As such, the passenger gardens are labeled Tourisme et handicaps.
客運花園
乘客花園創建於2001年，其靈感來自於1999年在景觀園藝師GillesClément的大廳中展出的“行星花園”展覽。這個佔地3000平方米的生態島位於前羊館的遺址上，是各種生態系統的所在地：樹林，荒地，池塘和乾石牆。擁有教學和團結的生態花園，客運花園作為教育研討會的支持，以提高對生物多樣性的認識。
這是一個圍繞生態主題的文化和教育學空間。 2010年，客運花園獲得了EVE®生態綠色空間標籤，該標籤由Ecocert認證並自此維護。乘客花園在2011年進行擴大，在2012年設置可訪問他們想證明一個公共花園的綜合方法可訪問其中特別是通過合適的花園家具和大自然地板的選擇實行。因此，乘客花園被標記為Tourisme et handicaps。
FROM:https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parc_de_la_Villette
FROM:Summer in Paris 2018 – Parc de la Villette Walking Tour
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